What term is used to define the people or entities that can affect or are affected by a project?

The term that defines the people or entities that can affect or are affected by a project is "Stakeholders." This concept is crucial in project management because stakeholders encompass a wide range of individuals and groups, including project team members, customers, sponsors, and even parties outside the project such as regulatory bodies or the community.

Understanding stakeholders is essential for effective communication and engagement throughout the project lifecycle. Properly identifying stakeholders allows project managers to assess their needs, expectations, and potential impact on the project's success. This understanding helps in negotiating project objectives, gathering requirements, and managing conflicts when they arise.

In contrast, the other choices focus on specific roles within a project rather than the broader concept of influence and impact. Project executives typically oversee resources and strategic alignment, team members carry out specific tasks within the project, and project sponsors provide funding and support but may not encompass all parties impacted by the project. Therefore, "Stakeholders" is the most comprehensive and fitting term for those who have a vested interest in a project's outcomes.